【0dsyong.com--工作總結(jié)范文】
紙是一個(gè)中文單詞,拼音是Lù西北&En、 “論文”一詞常用于古典文學(xué),意思是對(duì)話修辭或思想交流。 以下是為大家整理的關(guān)于省委巡視組談話提綱模板的文章4篇 ,歡迎品鑒!
一、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話提綱模板:?jiǎn)巫种貜?fù)型
1、力
全力、強(qiáng)力、合力、有力大力、著力、奮力、極力
舉例:
一、認(rèn)識(shí)要更高,全力做好XX工作
二、措施要更硬,強(qiáng)力做好XX工作
三、紀(jì)律要更嚴(yán),合力做好XX工作
2、從
從快、從速、從嚴(yán)、從實(shí)、從重從緊、從細(xì)、從優(yōu)、從簡(jiǎn)、從高
舉例:
一是要求/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要從高從緊。
二是落實(shí)/推進(jìn)要從快從優(yōu)。
三是考核要從細(xì)從實(shí)。
四是問(wèn)責(zé)要從重從嚴(yán)。
3、識(shí)
知識(shí)、見(jiàn)識(shí)、膽識(shí)
舉例:
(特別適用于與新職工座談)
一是加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí),增進(jìn)知識(shí)。
二是扎根一線,增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)。
三是敢于擔(dān)當(dāng),增強(qiáng)膽識(shí)。
4、化+位
化:深化、細(xì)化、強(qiáng)化
位:站位、就位、到位
舉例:
(特別適用于主持詞提要求部分)
一是深化認(rèn)識(shí),提高站位。
二是細(xì)化措施,責(zé)任就位。
三是強(qiáng)化督辦,落實(shí)到位。
5、位
進(jìn)位、定位、站位、借位、到位、就位、補(bǔ)位、換位、錯(cuò)位、有位
舉例:
(適用于黨政機(jī)關(guān))
一是堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)定位。
二是推動(dòng)發(fā)展進(jìn)位。
三是督促履責(zé)到位。
四是確保有為有位。
(適用于企業(yè))
一是找準(zhǔn)戰(zhàn)略定位。
二是力爭(zhēng)營(yíng)收進(jìn)位。
三是確保管理到位。
四是防止獎(jiǎng)懲錯(cuò)位。
6、勁
沖勁、韌勁、后勁、巧勁、拼勁、干勁
舉例:
一是發(fā)揚(yáng)沖勁帶頭干。(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)帶頭)
二是保持韌勁堅(jiān)持干。(堅(jiān)持不懈)
三是會(huì)用巧勁創(chuàng)新干。(創(chuàng)新方式)
四是激發(fā)拼勁齊心干。(團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作)
一要有敢闖敢試的沖勁。(開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新)
二要有滴水穿石的韌勁。(堅(jiān)韌不拔)
三要有借力打力的巧勁。(巧借外力)
7、子
底子、面子、里子、領(lǐng)子
舉例:
(特別適用于城市管理、文明創(chuàng)建等)
一要打好“底子”。(機(jī)制)
二要扮靚“面子”。(治標(biāo))
三要做實(shí)“里子”。(治本)
(特別適用于產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)建設(shè))
一要抓住規(guī)劃“領(lǐng)子”。(產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃)
二要拉開(kāi)招商“場(chǎng)子”。(招商引資)
三要打牢基建“底子”。(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)
四要扮靚環(huán)境“面子”。(園區(qū)環(huán)境)
8、路
近路、言路、出路、退路、財(cái)路
舉例:
一是善抄近路。(創(chuàng)新)
二是廣開(kāi)言路。(參與)
三是拓寬財(cái)路。(投入)
四是不留退路。(責(zé)任)
9、多+路
多:多線并進(jìn)、多方參與、多措并舉、多點(diǎn)發(fā)力
路:近路、言路、財(cái)路、退路
舉例:
一是多線并進(jìn),善抄近路。(創(chuàng)新)
二是多方參與,廣開(kāi)言路。(參與)
三是多措并舉,拓寬財(cái)路。(投入)
四是多點(diǎn)發(fā)力,不留退路。(責(zé)任)
10、進(jìn)
奮進(jìn)、共進(jìn)、并進(jìn)、推進(jìn)前進(jìn)、猛進(jìn)、改進(jìn)、跟進(jìn)
舉例:
一是認(rèn)清形勢(shì),加壓奮進(jìn)(統(tǒng)一思想)
二是突出重點(diǎn),強(qiáng)力推進(jìn)(工作重點(diǎn))
三是齊抓共管,攜手共進(jìn)(協(xié)調(diào)配合)
11、度
新高度、加速度、強(qiáng)力度、大力度
舉例:
一、認(rèn)識(shí)要有新高度(統(tǒng)一思想)
二、工作要有加速度(工作重點(diǎn))
三、落實(shí)要有強(qiáng)力度(保障措施)
12、抓
抓細(xì)、抓實(shí)、抓好、抓嚴(yán)抓緊、抓早、抓小、抓牢
舉例:
一是把目標(biāo)抓牢。
二是把責(zé)任抓實(shí)。
三是把督查抓嚴(yán)。
四是把考核抓細(xì)。
13、心+點(diǎn)
心:中心、重心、信心、民心
點(diǎn):難點(diǎn)、亮點(diǎn)、弱點(diǎn)、痛點(diǎn)
舉例:
一是圍繞中心攻難點(diǎn)。(瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo))
二是把握重心撥亮點(diǎn)。(刷亮特色)
三是增強(qiáng)信心改弱點(diǎn)。(補(bǔ)齊短板)
四是順應(yīng)民心消痛點(diǎn)。(服務(wù)群眾)
14、言
建言、代言、立言、直言
舉例:
(特別適用于文聯(lián)、參事室、文史館等)
一是善于建言,擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)發(fā)展的“助推者”。
二是樂(lè)于代言,擔(dān)當(dāng)社情民意的“反饋者”。
三是勤于立言,擔(dān)當(dāng)歷史文化的“傳承者”。
四是敢于直言,擔(dān)當(dāng)政府工作的“監(jiān)督者”。
15、為
為上、為先、為重、為要為本、為魂、為基、為根
舉例:
一是堅(jiān)持發(fā)展為上。
二是堅(jiān)持改革為先。
三是堅(jiān)持人才為重。
四是堅(jiān)持人民為本。
二、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話提綱模板:兩字和多字重復(fù)型
1、加強(qiáng)(或強(qiáng)化)
一是加強(qiáng)...
二是加強(qiáng)...
三是加強(qiáng)...
2、進(jìn)一步
一是進(jìn)一步...
二是進(jìn)一步...
三是進(jìn)一步...
3、下功夫
一是在...上下功夫
二是在...上下功夫
三是在...上下功夫
4、各種感:責(zé)任感、緊迫感、危機(jī)感、使命感...
一是自覺(jué)增強(qiáng)做好XX工作的緊迫感
二是自覺(jué)增強(qiáng)做好XX工作的使命感
三是自覺(jué)增強(qiáng)做好XX工作的責(zé)任感
5、各種新:新形勢(shì)、新使命、新業(yè)績(jī)、新境界、新突破、新高度...
一是認(rèn)清新形勢(shì)
二是提升新境界
三是創(chuàng)造新業(yè)績(jī)
6、各種性:重要性、實(shí)踐性、時(shí)代性、實(shí)效性、創(chuàng)造性、全局性...
一是把握XX工作的重要性
二是把握XX工作的全局性
三是把握XX工作的實(shí)踐性
7、各種力:影響力、創(chuàng)造力、凝聚力、戰(zhàn)斗力...
一是提升...的凝聚力
二是增強(qiáng)...的戰(zhàn)斗力
三是擴(kuò)大...的影響力
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
論英漢文化背景下的習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯
摘要:著名翻譯學(xué)家奈達(dá)指出:“對(duì)于真正成功的翻譯而言,熟悉兩種文化甚至比掌握兩種語(yǔ)言更為重要,
因?yàn)樵~語(yǔ)只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意義。”也就是說(shuō),翻譯不僅與語(yǔ)言有關(guān)也和文化有關(guān)。習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯中對(duì)文化差異的'研究在中國(guó)的翻譯領(lǐng)域中仍然較弱,專門(mén)對(duì)中英習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯的研究還不很完善。近20年來(lái),習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯大多強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)際的交流,而很少涉及文化差異。本文通過(guò)分析中英習(xí)語(yǔ)的文化差異,進(jìn)而從文化角度研究中英習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯方法,并指出中英習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯要注意的問(wèn)題:聯(lián)系上下文,選擇與原文風(fēng)格,意思相符的翻譯;文化是一種生活方式,文化在變化,出現(xiàn)新的習(xí)語(yǔ),習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:習(xí)語(yǔ);文化;翻譯
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 緣木求魚(yú) An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 錯(cuò)過(guò)機(jī)會(huì)
Trim the sails to the wind 順勢(shì)前進(jìn)
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不補(bǔ)要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,對(duì)牛彈琴, 眾人拾柴火焰高,竹籃打水一場(chǎng)空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石爛,海闊天空,海底撈針,海市蜃樓......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.2.1 Colours
2.2.2 Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Translation with Notes
3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 書(shū)名(英語(yǔ)的斜體). (出版地:)出版社,年份:參考內(nèi)容頁(yè)碼 [*] 作者. 文章名(英語(yǔ)的斜體). 刊物名稱. (出版地:)出版社,年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新編大學(xué)翻譯教程》. 北京:世界知識(shí)出版社, 2007 [11] 馬愛(ài)英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻譯》. 北京:科學(xué)出版社, 2006
[12] 孫致禮(Sun Zhili).《新編英漢翻譯教程》. 上海:上海外語(yǔ)教學(xué)出版社, 2008
[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英漢語(yǔ)文問(wèn)題面面觀》. 北京:北京高等教育出版社, 2006
一、英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)的概述
1.1.對(duì)諺語(yǔ)的一般定義,并概括英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)的基本特點(diǎn)(3—5條)
1.2.結(jié)合諺語(yǔ)與語(yǔ)言的關(guān)系,簡(jiǎn)要論述英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)來(lái)源的一般性概述
這一部分大體寫(xiě)2000字。
二、西方的宗教傳統(tǒng)與英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)的本源關(guān)聯(lián)
2.1對(duì)基督教的歷史做一簡(jiǎn)單的概述,同時(shí)對(duì)《圣經(jīng)》對(duì)基督教的核心意義與價(jià)值做一簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)明
2.1.1. 簡(jiǎn)述西方的宗教傳統(tǒng),或者基督教的歷史
2.1.2. 對(duì)基督教的基本信義做一簡(jiǎn)單的概述,從下述幾個(gè)方面:
(1)對(duì)基督教的只信仰一個(gè)唯一的上帝,不容許進(jìn)行偶像崇拜;
(2)原罪的觀念與救贖的觀念:涉及末世審判、救贖恩典和得救的觀念
(3)愛(ài)是基督教信仰的核心,核心是愛(ài)上帝,同時(shí)愛(ài)每個(gè)人
歸根結(jié)底,基督教是一種高級(jí)的精神性宗教,深深地浸透入了西方世界的每一個(gè)角落
2.2英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)與基督教的關(guān)系,特別是《圣經(jīng)》的英譯對(duì)英語(yǔ)的影響
(1)《圣經(jīng)》歷史上的英譯本,主要講欽定本的誕生和影響(譬如擴(kuò)大了英語(yǔ)的詞匯量、增強(qiáng)了英語(yǔ)的表意功能、增加了英語(yǔ)的表意手段等等)
(2)通過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單的例證來(lái)說(shuō)明從拉丁語(yǔ)翻譯到英語(yǔ)這一過(guò)程的影響與意義(如可以舉例一些特殊的詞語(yǔ)、句式等說(shuō)明,做好這一部分關(guān)鍵是找到好的研究資料)
三、對(duì)源于《圣經(jīng)》的諺語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分析,揭示其宗教、文化內(nèi)涵
(選取若干源于《圣經(jīng)》的諺語(yǔ)進(jìn)行具體的、細(xì)致的分析,以揭示諺語(yǔ)背后的宗教內(nèi)涵和英語(yǔ)所負(fù)載的宗教文化意義。)
1.選取15—20條有代表性的諺語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分析,
(1)簡(jiǎn)述一下選取分析對(duì)象的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
首先這些諺語(yǔ)必須來(lái)源于《圣經(jīng)》或者有《圣經(jīng)》直接引伸出來(lái),
其次這些諺語(yǔ)必須是應(yīng)用較廣,家喻戶曉,且包含特定的智慧
(2)對(duì)這些諺語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分析
我們的分析角度或方法是:
1、要將這些諺語(yǔ)放到《圣經(jīng)》的文本中去,也就是要將其放回到具體的語(yǔ)境中,在具體的故事或圣經(jīng)人物的言說(shuō)中領(lǐng)會(huì)這些諺語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵
2、可以適當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)合這些諺語(yǔ)的修辭、句式結(jié)構(gòu)等來(lái)分析
2.對(duì)上述諺語(yǔ)分析之后,從若干角度進(jìn)行文化內(nèi)涵的總結(jié)和概括
這些諺語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在價(jià)值:道德規(guī)范、人生智慧、
這些諺語(yǔ)的功能:宗教教化功能、規(guī)導(dǎo)勸慰功能、
(這些價(jià)值功能關(guān)鍵的根據(jù)所選諺語(yǔ)的分析來(lái)確定,有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)可適當(dāng)再添加)
這一部分為本文的主體部分,在3500字左右
附:
擬訂提綱的步驟與方法
第一步,明確文章的大小題目。在研究文獻(xiàn)和確立三論階段,已經(jīng)確立了文章的總論點(diǎn),以及若于不同層次的分論點(diǎn)。從文章的形式上看,這些分論點(diǎn)便是不同層次的大小標(biāo)題。一般來(lái)說(shuō),一篇文章至少應(yīng)設(shè)立3個(gè)層次的大小標(biāo)題。文章的總題目加上這些大小標(biāo)題,便是文章的基本框架,也是寫(xiě)作提綱的主要內(nèi)容。|
第二步,為大小標(biāo)題排序。根據(jù)總論點(diǎn)的論證需要,以及大小標(biāo)題之間存在的相互邏輯關(guān)系,將這些標(biāo)題排序,并標(biāo)注序碼。
第三步,材料對(duì)號(hào)入座。將選定的、將要寫(xiě)進(jìn)文章中的材料也根據(jù)論證的需要分組,并編注序號(hào)。然后,分別以序號(hào)的形式對(duì)號(hào)入座,安插在各個(gè)大小標(biāo)題之下。這樣,寫(xiě)作提綱便基本完成。
提綱完成之后,還必須進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲、反復(fù)調(diào)整、及時(shí)修改。毋庸置疑,調(diào)整與修改提綱比全文寫(xiě)完之后再推倒重來(lái),進(jìn)行大返工要節(jié)省很多時(shí)間和精力。提綱的修改可以在動(dòng)筆撰寫(xiě)初稿之前,集中時(shí)間和精力進(jìn)行,以便確立文章的基本框架結(jié)構(gòu)。在撰寫(xiě)初稿的過(guò)程中,有時(shí)也有必要回過(guò)頭來(lái)再對(duì)提綱進(jìn)行局部的、細(xì)節(jié)的調(diào)整與修訂。
content
introduction………………………………………………………………1
1.the common historical background……………………………………1
1.1 international………………………………………………………1
1.2 national…………………………………………………………1
2.the common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
2.1 rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
2.1.1 beats in literature………………………………………………2
2.1.2 rockers in music circles………………………………………3
2.2 ideologies in between……………………………………………4
2.2.1 beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
2.2.2 their same destiny……………………………………………4
2.2.3 beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
2.3 belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
2.3.1 beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
2.3.2 rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
3.their identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
3.1 bohemian…………………………………………………………7
3.1.1 beats…………………………………………………………7
3.1.2 rockers………………………………………………………7
3.2 madness…………………………………………………………8
3.2.1 the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish, and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven to madness……………………………………………………8
3.2.2 rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on rock circus spot………………………………………………9
3.3 self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
3.3.1 drugs…………………………………………………………9
3.3.2 homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
4.1 beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
4.2 rockers' conduct of the two
ides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
看過(guò)《省委巡視組談話提綱模板范文(精選4篇)》的人還看了以下文章